Introduction
Some microcomputers more powerful than others. It in three words speed, capacity and flexibility.
System Unit
It's also know as the system chassis is a container that houses most of the electronic components that make up a computer system.There are a variety of diffrent categories or types of system units.
Categories
There are six basic types for microcomputers.
1. Desktop system units
typically contain the system's electronic components and selected secondary storage devices. Input and
output devices, such as mouse,keyboard and monitor, are located outside the system unit.
2. Media center system units
blur the line between dekstop computers and dedicated entertainment devices. Media center system units
use powerful dekstop system hardware with specialized graphic card for interfacing with televisions and
others.
3. Notebook system units
are portable and much smalle.These system units contain the electronic components, selected secondary
storage devices, and input devices (keyboard and pointing devices). Located outside the system units, the
monitor is attached by hinges. Notebook system units called laptops.
4. Netbook system units
are similar to notebook syetem units.They are smaller less powerful and less expensive. Netbook are
designed to support on-the-go Web browsing and email accsess.
5. Tablet PC system units
are similar to notebook system units. Tablet PCs are highly portable devices that support the use of a
stylus or pen to input. The are 2 basic types, one is effectively a notebook computer. Others type has a
6. Handheld computer system units
are the smallest and are designed to fit into the palm of one hand. These systems contain an entire
computer system, including the electronic components, secondary storage and input and out the most
widely use handheld compuetrs.
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| Dekstop |
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| Media Center |
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| Notebook |
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| Netbook |
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| Handheld |
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| Tablet PC |
Basic Types Of System units
Components
While the actual size may vary each type of system unit has teh same basic system components including system board, microprosessor and memory .
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| System units component |
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| Microprocessor |
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| Memory |
Electronic Data and Instructions
Our voices create analog, or continuous, signals that vary to represent differenttones, pitches and volume.
Numeric Representation
The decimal system that we are all fimiliar with has 10 digits of only two digits- 0 and 1.
System Board
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| chip |
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| chip mounte onto a carrier package |
The system board is also know as the motherboard. The system board controls communications for the entire computer system. Every component of the system unit connects to the system.
- Sockets provide a connection point for small specialized electronic parts called chips. Chips consist of tiny circuit boards etched onto squares of sandlike material called silicon.
- Slots provide a connection point for specialized cards or circuit board.These cards provide expansion capability for a computer system.
- Conecting lines called bus lines provide pathways that support communication among the various electronic components that are either located on the system board.
MICROPROCESSOR
Microprocessor Chips processing capacities are often expressed in word sizes.
Specialty Processors
In addition to microprocessor chips, a variety of more specialized processing chips have been developed.
- Coprocessors are specialty chips designed to improve specific computing operations.
- Smart cards are plastic cards the size of a regular credit card that have an embedded specialty chip.
- RFID tags are specialty chips embedded in merchandise to track their location.
Memory is a holding area for data, instructions and information. Like microprocessors,memory is contained on chips connected to the system board. There are three well-known types of memory chips:random-access memory(RAM) read only memory(ROM) and flash memory.
RAM
Random-access memory (RAM) chips hold the program(sequence of instructions) and data CPU is presently processing.
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| RAM ROM  Read-only memory (ROM) chips have information stored in them by the manufacturer. ROM chips typically contain special instruction . FLASH MEMORY Flash memory offers a combination of the features of RAM and ROM.  Expansion Slots and Cards Most microcomputers allow user to expand their systems by providing expansion slots on the system board.   
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